Nail disorders encompass a wide range of conditions that affect the appearance, integrity, and overall health of fingernails and toenails. Common nail disorders include fungal infections (onychomycosis), ingrown nails, nail psoriasis, and trauma-induced changes. These conditions can lead to symptoms such as discoloration, thickening, brittleness, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. Fungal infections, often caused by dermatophytes, are particularly prevalent and can result in yellow, crumbly nails. Nail psoriasis, on the other hand, can cause pitting, ridging, and abnormal nail growth, reflecting the underlying systemic condition.

Treatment of nail disorders varies based on the underlying cause. For fungal infections, antifungal medications, both topical and oral, are commonly prescribed, while laser therapy is a newer option showing promise. Ingrown nails often require proper nail trimming techniques, and in severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. Managing nail psoriasis typically involves treatments aimed at the systemic disease, such as topical steroids, phototherapy, and biologic agents